Physical versus Digital Manipulatives.

 I've been wondering which type of manipulatives are better to use in the classroom.  I see advantages for both and usually end up using the digital ones because it's impossible to lose pieces, break them, stab them to death, or throw them at others.  I do know that the feel is not the same so today, I'm looking into both to see if one is better than the other. 

For definitions, physical manipulatives are the ones that students can hold in their hands, move around, and feel.  Digital or virtual manipulatives are web-based or app based representations of the physical ones. The virtual ones allow students to interact with to a higher degree than the physical ones.

As you know, math manipulatives offer students the opportunity to interact with concepts and can be any thing from base 10 to fractions to clocks. Research as far as using physical manipulatives helps students learn better than those who do not use them but note that it is not the manipulatives themselves but the context in which they are used.

The use of digital manipulatives has not been explored as much as the physical ones but early results indicate one should use both forms for the best results.  There are advantages to either one.  Digital manipulatives offer flexibility in that the virtual ones often can be broken into smaller parts or put together in ways physical ones cannot.  Digital ones also offer the opportunity to create more if there are not enough since physical manipulatives come in a predetermined number so if the student needs more, they have to find a second set.

In addition, the digital version is accessible from home or school and only require a tablet or phone to get to. It is easier to keep sets whole because one doesn't have pieces to lose, account for, and the teacher does not have to make sure sets are complete. The classroom always has the right number of sets.

Physical math manipulatives work well for students who need to "play" with something.  It allows them to have a kinesthetic experience and they do not do well with the digital version.  In addition, many students find the use of physical manipulatives more motivating than using digital ones because the physical ones provide immediate feedback while improving their use of time. Consequently, physical manipulatives also engage students more, especial boys.  When boys use the digital ones, they are less confident and less involved. 

Although physical manipulatives come in specific sets, if one used homemade manipulatives, one can create as many as needed.  The pieces can be placed in sandwich bags and more can be made if students lose pieces. The bottom line is that both types of manipulatives can be used effectively to improve conceptual understanding.  Let me know what you think, I'd love to hear.  Have a great day.